ULTRASONIC VELOCITIES, DENSITIES AND EXCESS THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF O - CHLOROPHENOL WITH HIGHER ALKANOLS FROM 303.15 TO 318.15K

The ultrasonic velocities U, densities ? of Binary Mixtures of O - Chlorophenol with 1- hexanol, 1- heptanol and 1- octanol from 303.15 to 318.15K. Excess molar volume (VE), deviation in adiabatic compressibility (??ad) and excess intermolecular free length (LfE) have been calculated from the measured experimental data. The values of VE, ??ad and LfEhave been fitted to Redlich – Kister polynomial equation to estimate binary coefficients and standard deviation between the experimental and computed values.

A Novel Validated Uhplc Method For Estimation Of Assay And Its Related Substances Of Trichostatin-A

Objective: The main objective of the research work is to develop and validate a rapid UHPLC method for the estimation of assay and its related substances of Trichostatin A (TSA) in pharmaceutical samples. Methods: The UHPLC method developed for chromatographic separation between TSA and its related compounds on Poroshell 120 SB C18(50×4.6) mm; 2.7 µm RRLC column using Agilent RRLC (UHPLC) system with linear gradient elution. Results: The developed UHPLC method has shown excellent chromatographic separation between TSA and its related compounds within 12 min run time, during validation experiments, specificity study revealed that the peak threshold was more than the peak purity and no purity flag was observed. Repeatability, intra, and inter-day precision results were well within the tolerable limits. Limits of detection concentrations were found between 0.075 to 0.077 ppm and the limit of quantitation is between 0.252 to 0.258 ppm for related compounds and TSA. The related substances method recoveries were found between 80 and 120 % and assay method recovery was found between 98.0 to 102.0%. Conclusion: The developed method capability was proven for the assay of TSA and its related compounds in pharmaceutical samples and the method shows eco-friendlier than routine, conventional HPLC methods in terms of analysis time, cost and HPLC effluent waste.

A study on breast feeding practices among mothers in urban field practice area of tertiary care center, Hyderabad

Background: Breastfeeding is the best preventive intervention and has potential impact on child mortality. Breast-milk is safest, least allergic and has nutritional, immunological, behavioural and economic benefits. It also provides desirable mother baby bonding. Early human milk promotes gut maturation and immune activation in infants. Despite of the demonstrated benefit of breastfeeding, the duration and prevalence are still low in first six months of life. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practices among study population; to assess awareness regarding colostrum; to assess the socio demographic profile among mothers of 0-2 years children.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of tertiary health care center, Hyderabad. 100 mothers having children between 0-2 years age group were included by using simple random technique. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Mean age group (yrs) of the mothers was 25.6±3.81, literate mothers are 81%, illiterates are 19% and employed mothers were 68%. Awareness regarding exclusive breastfeeding was more among literates than illiterates (p<0.05). Literacy status had no association regarding knowledge on colostrum among study subject. Pre lacteal feeds were practiced among 32% of mothers before initiation of breast feeding. The practice of prelacteal feeds were more in primi than multi para mothers (p<0.05). Practice of burping after the breastfeeding were followed by 71%. Mothers practicing correct positioning during breastfeeding were 63%.Conclusions: Among study subject 75% of them were given colostrum. Exclusive breastfeeding upto 0-6 months was practiced by 64% of mothers.

Insights into the protein profiles of stress tolerant and mesophilic yeast by proteomics approach: a comparative study.

Proteins of the stress tolerant and mesophilic yeast were extracted using optimized protein extraction method and estimated by Bradford method. Immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips were rehydrated with known concentrations of protein samples. Rehydrated IPG strips were run in isoelectric focusing (IEF) to separate the proteins on the basis of their pH gradient. 2DE gels were run, stained and image of the stress tolerant yeast was compared with the gel image of mesophilic yeast. The image analysis using the image master software resulted in the identification of differentially expressed spots in stress tolerant yeast. Among the differentially expressed spots, six were selected and characterized by MALDI-TOF as Enolase, Fructose bisphosphate aldolase, Alcohol dehydrogenase, 30KDa HSP, HSP70 and HSP90.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of a novel molecule isolated and characterized from mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome.

Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome is used in the manufacture of pickles and other food preparations due to its unique raw mango fl avour. The chloroform extract of mango ginger rhizome was subjected to antibacterial activity-guided purifi cation by repeated silica gel column chromatography to obtain a pure compound. The structure of the isolated compound was deduced by analysing UV, IR, LC-MS and 2D-HMQCT NMR spectral data, and named it as amadaldehyde, a novel compound. It exhibited a wide range of antibacterial activity with potential bactericidal activity against several bacteria. The purifi ed compound also exhibited antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities.

Lupus vulgaris and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC)--a clinical, pathological and epidemiological study of 71 cases.

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological aspects and diagnostic problems encountered in a rural set up are largely unknown. The present study on cutaneous tuberculosis encompassing clinical, pathological and epidemiological aspects was undertaken at Rajah Muthiah Medical college and Hospital (RMMC&H), a teaching hospital mainly catering to the health needs of a predominantly rural population from villages and hamlets around Chidambaram, a taluq headquarters, located in Cuddalore district ofTamil Nadu. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period of study, 5744 cases (82%) of pulmonary tuberculosis and 1261 (18%) of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were encountered. Cutaneous tuberculosis accounted for 117 (1.67%) of tuberculosis cases. RESULTS: Of the seventy-one patients with cutaneous tuberculosis, 39 had lupus vulgaris and 32 with TBVC. Lupus vulgaris was more prevalent with male pre-ponderance. The maximum incidence was seen in the second decade of life. Both LV and TBVC showed a male pre-ponderance, M:F ratio being 3:2 and 2:1 in LV and TBVC respectively. A majority of patients with LV (27 cases; 69.2%) and TBVC (31 cases; 96.8%) manifested with a single site of involvement. Lower extremities were more commonly involved among patients hailing from poor economic strata who were not habituated to the use of footwear while working out doors. Over crowding was also a contributing factor. The relationships between BCG vaccination and Mantoux test with cutaneous tuberculosis, association with pulmonary tuberculosis in addition to the underlying predisposing socio-economic factors are discussed.

Psoriasiform lupus vulgaris.

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Cutaneous Tuberculosis constitutes a minor proportion of extra-pulmonary manifestations of Tuberculosis. Lupus Vulgaris (LV) is one of the clinical variants of Cutaneous Tuberculosis. A case of a large plaque type psoriasiform lesion of lupus vulgaris on the thigh, of 15 years' duration, in an 18-year-old girl is reported. This case highlights the ignorance level among the patients and consequent failure to avail proper anti-tuberculous treatment despite campaign in print and audio visual media.

Influence of endosulfan and monocrotophos exposure on the activity of NADPH cytochrome C reductase (NCCR) of Labeo rohita (Ham).

The response of NADPH cytochrome C reductase (NCCR) activity in liver of Labeo rohita fish exposed to the pesticides, 0.25 microgl(-1) endosulfan and 2 mg/l monocrotophos was studied. In terms of specific enzyme activity (mU/mg protein) a significant level of NCCR was observed in the liver tissues of Labeo rohita exposed to the pesticides, when compared to the control fish (2.460 mU/mg protein). Increase of NCCR activity was more in the liver of the fish exposed to monocrotophos (4.595 mU/mg protein) than those exposed to endosulfan (2.850 mU/mg protein). The results demonstrate that the pesticides, endosulfan and monocrotophos, interfere with NADPH dependent monoxygenase mechanism and are effective inducers of NADPH cytochrome C reductase. The activity of NCCR in the liver tissue of Labeo rohita may serve as a useful tool for monitoring aquatic pollution.

Education of persons with intellectual disabilities in India: [review]

Historically in India, persons with disabilities enjoyed co-existence, though at different times, the treatment and attitudes were at variance. Out of all the types of disabilities, an intellectual disability poses greater challenges than the other types. The families of persons with intellectual disabilities do also have needs different from others, which cannot be segregated from the needs of children with intellectual disability. Specific legislations have been put in place to ensure empowerment of persons with disabilities. Through Rehabilitation Council of India, human resource development programs are standardized. The National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped has developed many service models and contributed toward human resource development and research. Many Non-Government Organizations have started special education and vocational training programs. National Trust, a statutory body, supports the individuals and families and seeks to protect those individuals having no parents. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (Education for All), has special focus on education of children with disabilities. Vocational training centres have an obligation to develop eco-centric and commercially viable jobs. As per the National Policy, the Government of India envisages that every child with a disability should have access to appropriate preschool, primary and secondary level education by 2020.

Históricamente en India las personas con discapacidades han disfrutado siempre de la coexistencia, si bien a veces el tratamiento y las actitudes podían contrastar. De entre todos los tipos de discapacidad, la intelectual es la que presenta los mayores desafíos. Las familias de las personas con discapacidad intelectual tienen asimismo necesidades distintas de las demás, inseparables de las necesidades de los niños con discapacidad intelectual. Se ha implementado legislación específica para asegurar el apoderamiento de las personas con discapacidades. Los programas de desarrollo de recursos humanos se normalizan a través del Consejo de Rehabilitación de India. El Instituto Nacional para los Discapacitados Mentales ha desarrollado diversos modelos de servicios y contribuido a la investigación y desarrollo de recursos humanos. Muchas Organizaciones No Gubernamentales han iniciado programas de educación especial y de entrenamiento vocacional. El Fideicomiso Nacional, una institución oficial, apoya a los individuos y a las familias y protege a los huérfanos. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (Educación para Todos), se enfoca particularmente en la educación de los niños con discapacidades. Los centros de entrenamiento vocacional tienen la obligación de crear trabajo ecocéntrico y comercialmente viable. En cuanto a la política nacional, el Gobierno de la India se propone que todo niño con discapacidad deberá tener acceso a la educación preescolar, primaria y secundaria para 2020.

Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC)--foot with miliary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis (TBVC) or warty tuberculosis is a variant of cutaneous tuberculosis in patients with good cell mediated immunity (CMI) to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, while Miliary Tuberculosis is associated with very poor CMI. Two widely different clinical presentations in the same patient are very rare and being reported.

Ulcerative lupus vulgaris of face: an uncommon presentation in India.

Tuberculosis affects the population world wide, more among those living in developing countries. The incidence of tuberculosis registered an upward trend even in developed countries, with the advent of HIV infection. Cutaneous tuberculosis accounts for about 1% of cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Cutaneous tuberculosis presents with various lesions ranging from ulcerative to proliferative or hyperkeratotic lesions. The lesions may sometimes be associated with marked destruction of the tissues resulting in marked disfigurement, especially when it involves face as seen in cases of Lupus Vulgaris. A case of Lupus Vulgaris in a young woman with extensive ulceration of face which responded to ATT resulting in scarring of the face is reported for its rarity amongst Indian population as against western population.

Cutaneous larva migrans--a case report.

Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruption is an uncommon parasitic skin infection caused by the filariform larvae of dog or cat hook worms. We report a case of larva migrans on the anterior abdominal wall, in a 52 year old lady, who did gardening as a hobby.

Mycobacterial antigen in tissues in diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis.

Cutaneous tuberculosis presents a diagnostic challenge, as it is difficult to demonstrate the causative organism by histopathology and also culture of organisms from skin lesions is a less rewarding and time consuming process. Aim: Present study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of immuno-histochemical staining to demonstrate Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen in tissue sections. This is based on the finding that the mycobacterial antigen is the last to disappear from the tissues and thus can be used as a marker of mycobacterial infections. Material & Methods: Fifty randomly selected skin biopsy specimens were subjected to routine histopathological examination to corroborate the clinical diagnosis. Immuno-histochemical study was undertaken to demonstrate mycobacterial antigen. Observations: All the tissue sections were negative for AFB, both by Z-N stain and by culture. Mycobacterial antigen was demonstrable in 68% of cases of cutaneous tuberculosis. The highest positivity was recorded in scrofuloderma (89%), followed by Lupus Vulgaris (69%) and Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis (47%). Conclusions: Mycobacterial antigen was demonstrable in majority of cases of cutaneous tuberculosis using polyclonal antiserum. However, since cross reactivity was reported in cases of leprosy and also in some fungal infections, this test by itself cannot be considered as diagnostic. The results should be considered along with other findings.

Utility of polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool in cutaneous tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Differentiation of cutaneous tuberculosis from other infective granulomas of the skin is difficult due to paucity of the organisms in tissue biopsies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a newer technique to identify the DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the tissues. AIM: We examined the utility of PCR as a tool for rapid diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis especially in cases negative by ZN staining and culture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty five random skin biopsies from patients with various types of cutaneous tuberculosis were subjected to PCR. RESULTS: An overall positivity of 64% was observed, which is comparable to other series. Seventy five percent of lupus vulgaris cases, 62.2% of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis and 50% of scrofuloderma cases showed PCR positivity. CONCLUSION: Though useful, the cost and the technique involved limit the use of PCR in developing countries like ours.

Feed utilisation and growth in juveniles of Labeo rohita under the stress of endosulfan.

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the nutrition and growth of Labeo rohita under the sublethal stress of endosulfan. It has been observed that the feed utilisation and growth were inferior in the fish under the stress of the toxicant. It was more so in the test fish under the influence of higher sublethal concentration. The food conversion ratio was higher suggesting that the nutrients are wasted.